Medical WSNs

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Challenges

  • reliability
  • privacy and security
  • power management - not all devices are battery powered
  • diversity - both a challenge and an opportunity
  • fast deployment - disaster recovery scenarios

Medical devices

  • ECG
  • SpO2
  • Blood pressure (CardGuard)
  • Motion analysis board
    • for Parkinson's, to identify uncontrolled shaking and fine-tune dosage -- Code blue
    • for detecting falls -- UVA

Groups

Projects

Overview

Project Domain Network Architecture Devices Sensors Provides
Code Blue Patient monitoring Motes Motes SpO2, HR, EKG, motion Patient monitoring, Reliable Routing, Localization
AID-N Disaster recovery - Triage x x Patient monitoring, Continuous monitoring of triage levels|

CodeBlue

  • AMDR Routing:
    • support for pub/sub
    • routing state proportional to the # of publishers (an entry in the table for each publisher)
    • route discovery initiated when a device requests to publish data, requires flooding
    • a subscriber that wants to receive data from a channel sends a route reply on the reverse path (handles asymmetric links)
    • routes are updated through periodic floods (every 15s)
    • negative results on mobility
    • path metric (PDR)
      • for each link, estimate LDR by mapping the measured LQI to a link delivery estimator. This model is determined empirically.
      • PDR is the product of all LDRs of the links along the path
    • see CodeBlue Technical Report

SMART (Scalable Medeical Alert Response Technology)

  • Domain: disaster recovery, triage
  • Network architecture: 802.11b
    • Two types of devices: patient monitoring and caregiver
  • Devices: PDAs
  • Sensors:
    • medical: SpO2, ECG from MIT
  • Functions:
    • vital sign monitoring
    • vital sign analysis & alarms
    • localization

Notes:

Good background section.

References:

  1. Curtis DW, Pino EJ, Bailey JM, Shih EI, Waterman J, Vinterbo SA, Stair TO, Guttag JV, Greenes RA, Ohno-Machado L, SMART An Integrated Wireless System for Monitoring Unattended Patients. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2008 January-February; 15(1):44-53.

AID-N

  • AID-N(Advanced Health and Disaster Network)
  • Domain: disaster recovery, triage
  • Network architecture:
    • 802.11 -- one hop
    • 802.15.4 -- seems one hop
  • Devices: motes, PDAs, PCs
  • Sensors:
    • medical
    • non-medical: GPS
  • Functions:
    • monitoring and alarm
    • vital sign analysis & alarms


References:

  1. Tia Gao; D. Greenspan; M. Welsh; R.R. Juang; A. Alm, "Vital Signs Monitoring and Patient Tracking Over a Wireless Network," Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the , vol., no., pp.102-105, 2005

Alarm-NET

  • Domain: assisted living, circadian activity rhythms (CAR)
  • Network architecture:
    • Spans body networks, sensor networks and IP networks
    • Query service to collect data
    • Emphasis on dynamic security
    • Use CAR information for security and power management
  • Devices: heterogeneous - motes, PDAs and PCs
  • Sensors:
    • medical: pulse, blood oxygenaton
    • non-medical: temperature, light, infrared motion


References:

  1. A. Wood, G. Virone, T. Doan, Q. Cao, L. Selavo, Y. Wu, L. Fang, Z. He, S. Lin, J. Stankovic, “ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring,” Technical Report


WiiSard

Papers

News

Band-aids