Medical WSNs
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Challenges
- reliability
- privacy and security
- power management - not all devices are battery powered
- diversity - both a challenge and an opportunity
- fast deployment - disaster recovery scenarios
Medical modalities
- ECG
- SpO2
- Blood pressure (CardGuard)
- Motion analysis board
- for Parkinson's, to identify uncontrolled shaking and fine-tune dosage -- Code blue
- for detecting falls -- UVA
- Oxilink OEM Oximeter
- Oximetry board: integrated oximeter/ECG/respiratory board
- Smith's Medical BCI OEM Technologies
Groups
- University of Virginia: Alarm-NET
- Intel Research Seattle
- University of Washington
- University of Rochester
- Harvard University
- John Hopkins: AID-N
- University of Alabama at Birmingham: Advanced Network Infrastructure for Health and Disaster Management
- UIUC I-Living
Companies:
People
Projects
Overview
| Project | Domain | Network Architecture | Devices | Sensors | Provides |
| Code Blue | Patient monitoring | Flat architecture, just looks at collection | Motes | SpO2, HR, EKG, motion | Patient monitoring, Reliable Routing, Localization |
| AID-N | Disaster recovery - Triage | Two-tier architecture, 802.15.4 and 802.11 | Motes, PDAs | SpO2, HR, ECG | Patient monitoring, Continuous monitoring of triage levels |
| SMART | disaster recovery, triage | 802.11b | PDAs | SpO2, ECG from MIT | vitals monitoring, analysis & alarms, localization |
| Patient Centric Network Project | Signal processing algorithms | ||||
| LACE: Laboratory for Assisted Cognition Environments | Assisted living | X | X | X |
CodeBlue
- AMDR Routing:
- support for pub/sub
- routing state proportional to the # of publishers (an entry in the table for each publisher)
- route discovery initiated when a device requests to publish data, requires flooding
- a subscriber that wants to receive data from a channel sends a route reply on the reverse path (handles asymmetric links)
- routes are updated through periodic floods (every 15s)
- negative results on mobility
- path metric (PDR)
- for each link, estimate LDR by mapping the measured LQI to a link delivery estimator. This model is determined empirically.
- PDR is the product of all LDRs of the links along the path
- see CodeBlue Technical Report
SMART
Scalable Medical Alert Response Technology (SMART)
Notes:
Good background section.
References:
- Curtis DW, Pino EJ, Bailey JM, Shih EI, Waterman J, Vinterbo SA, Stair TO, Guttag JV, Greenes RA, Ohno-Machado L, SMART An Integrated Wireless System for Monitoring Unattended Patients. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2008 January-February; 15(1):44-53.
AID-N
- AID-N(Advanced Health and Disaster Network)
- Uses CodeBlue devices
- Uses Flows routing (part of Flusk)
References:
- Tia Gao; D. Greenspan; M. Welsh; R.R. Juang; A. Alm, "Vital Signs Monitoring and Patient Tracking Over a Wireless Network," Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the , vol., no., pp.102-105, 2005
Alarm-NET
- Domain: assisted living, circadian activity rhythms (CAR)
- Network architecture:
- Spans body networks, sensor networks and IP networks
- Query service to collect data
- Emphasis on dynamic security
- Use CAR information for security and power management
- Devices: heterogeneous - motes, PDAs and PCs
- Sensors:
- medical: pulse, blood oxygenaton
- non-medical: temperature, light, infrared motion
References:
- A. Wood, G. Virone, T. Doan, Q. Cao, L. Selavo, Y. Wu, L. Fang, Z. He, S. Lin, J. Stankovic, “ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring,” Technical Report
WiiSard
Patient Centric Network Project
Commercial products
IntelliVue Phillips
- uses 802.11a/e
http://www.medical.philips.com/main/products/patient_monitoring/products/intellivue802_11/index.wpd
http://incenter.medical.philips.com/doclib/enc/fetch/2000/4504/577242/577243/577247/582646/583147/IntelliVue_Telemetry_System_brochure_(Non-US).pdf?nodeid=585849&vernum=4
